很早就接触了google C/C++自动化测试框架gtest, 现在偶然用起有时候还需要简单温习下步骤。今天在这里做下简单使用记录。
1. 使用版本
gtest-1.7.0
2. gtest 安装
./configure
make
3. 测试自带的用例
gtest工具自带的测试用例放在了目录samples下 [wln@localhost gtest-1.7.0]$ cd samples/
[wln@localhost samples]$ ll
总计 148
-rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 887 09-25 16:57 libsamples.la
-r–r–r– 1 wln wln 4072 2013-09-19 prime_tables.h
-r–r–r– 1 wln wln 5053 2013-09-19 sample10_unittest.cc
-r–r–r– 1 wln wln 2502 2013-09-19 sample1.cc
-r–r–r– 1 wln wln 1937 2013-09-19 sample1.h
-rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 303 09-25 16:57 sample1.lo
-rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 3004 09-25 16:57 sample1.o
-r–r–r– 1 wln wln 5129 2013-09-19 sample1_unittest.cc
-r–r–r– 1 wln wln 2298 2013-09-19 sample2.cc
-r–r–r– 1 wln wln 3006 2013-09-19 sample2.h
-rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 303 09-25 16:57 sample2.lo
-rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 4236 09-25 16:57 sample2.o
-r–r–r– 1 wln wln 3926 2013-09-19 sample2_unittest.cc
-r–r–r– 1 wln wln 5365 2013-09-19 sample3-inl.h
-r–r–r– 1 wln wln 5351 2013-09-19 sample3_unittest.cc
-r–r–r– 1 wln wln 1927 2013-09-19 sample4.cc
-r–r–r– 1 wln wln 2083 2013-09-19 sample4.h
-rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 303 09-25 16:57 sample4.lo
-rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 5028 09-25 16:57 sample4.o
-r–r–r– 1 wln wln 1909 2013-09-19 sample4_unittest.cc
-r–r–r– 1 wln wln 6590 2013-09-19 sample5_unittest.cc
-r–r–r– 1 wln wln 8989 2013-09-19 sample6_unittest.cc
-r–r–r– 1 wln wln 5099 2013-09-19 sample7_unittest.cc
-r–r–r– 1 wln wln 6944 2013-09-19 sample8_unittest.cc
-r–r–r– 1 wln wln 5951 2013-09-19 sample9_unittest.cc
进入make目录下 [wln@localhost make]$ ll
总计 4
-r–r–r– 1 wln wln 2753 2013-09-19 Makefile
执行操作
[wln@localhost make]$ make
g++ -isystem ../include -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -c ../samples/sample1.cc
g++ -isystem ../include -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -c ../samples/sample1_unittest.cc
g++ -isystem ../include -I.. -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -c \
../src/gtest-all.cc
In file included from ../src/gtest-all.cc:43:
../src/gtest.cc:370: 警告：成员‘testing::internal::MutexBase::owner_’缺少初始值设定
g++ -isystem ../include -I.. -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -c \
../src/gtest_main.cc
ar rv gtest_main.a gtest-all.o gtest_main.o
ar: creating gtest_main.a
a – gtest-all.o
a – gtest_main.o
g++ -isystem ../include -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -lpthread sample1.o sample1_unittest.o gtest_main.a -o sample1_unittest
[wln@localhost make]$ ll
总计 5192
-rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 1797004 09-25 16:57 gtest-all.o
-rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 1951104 09-25 16:57 gtest_main.a
-rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 48284 09-25 16:57 gtest_main.o
-r–r–r– 1 wln wln 2753 2013-09-19 Makefile
-rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 2684 09-25 16:57 sample1.o
-rwxrwxr-x 1 wln wln 1289739 09-25 16:57 sample1_unittest
-rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 197680 09-25 16:57 sample1_unittest.o
进行测试
[wln@localhost make]$ ./sample1_unittest
Running main() from gtest_main.cc
[==========] Running 6 tests from 2 test cases.
[———-] Global test environment set-up.
[———-] 3 tests from FactorialTest
[ RUN ] FactorialTest.Negative
[ OK ] FactorialTest.Negative (0 ms)
[ RUN ] FactorialTest.Zero
[ OK ] FactorialTest.Zero (0 ms)
[ RUN ] FactorialTest.Positive
[ OK ] FactorialTest.Positive (0 ms)
[———-] 3 tests from FactorialTest (0 ms total)
[———-] 3 tests from IsPrimeTest
[ RUN ] IsPrimeTest.Negative
[ OK ] IsPrimeTest.Negative (0 ms)
[ RUN ] IsPrimeTest.Trivial
[ OK ] IsPrimeTest.Trivial (0 ms)
[ RUN ] IsPrimeTest.Positive
[ OK ] IsPrimeTest.Positive (0 ms)
[———-] 3 tests from IsPrimeTest (0 ms total)
[———-] Global test environment tear-down
[==========] 6 tests from 2 test cases ran. (1 ms total)
[ PASSED ] 6 tests.
ok, 测试自带用例完毕，具体测试内容请参考sample1.cc，sample1.h，sample1_unittest.cc
4. 手动编写测试用例
首先需要知道gtest测试框架所自带的函数等内容应该怎么使用，比如EXPECT_EQ()，单元测试用例名称TEST(fun1,fun1_test) 其中TEST是格式写法，fun1可以称为单元测试用例标识符，fun1_test则为要测试的函数名称。具体内容自行查看。
文件fun.h
#ifndef __FUN_H
#define __FUN_H
int fun_test(char *buf);
int add(int a, int b);
#endif文件fun.cc
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "fun.h"
int fun_test(char *buf)
{
if(buf == NULL)
{
printf("error occur.\n");
abort();
}
printf("%s\n",buf);
return strlen(buf);
}
int add(int a, int b)
{
return a+b;
}文件fun_unittest.cc
#include "fun.h"
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
TEST(fun,fun_test)
{
//fun_test(NULL);
fun_test("hello world");
}
TEST(fun3,add)
{
EXPECT_EQ(2,add(1,2));
}5. 手动编译测试
fun.o文件：
[wln@localhost samples]$ gcc -c fun.h fun.cc
可执行文件 fun_unittest
[wln@localhost samples]$ g++ -g -Wall -o fun_unittest fun.o fun_unittest.cc ../make/gtest_main.a -I/home/wln/gtest/gtest-1.7.0/include -lpthread
fun_unittest.cc: In member function ‘virtual void fun_fun_test_Test::TestBody()’:
fun_unittest.cc:6: 警告：不建议使用从字符串常量到‘char*’的转换
[wln@localhost samples]$ ll
总计 1876
-rw-r–r– 1 wln wln 278 09-25 17:12 fun.cc
-rw-r–r– 1 wln wln 87 09-25 17:19 fun.h
-rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 635112 09-25 17:23 fun.h.gch
-rw-rw-r– 1 wln wln 1220 09-25 17:23 fun.o
-rwxrwxr-x 1 wln wln 1256752 09-25 17:26 fun_unittest
-rw-r–r– 1 wln wln 170 09-25 17:13 fun_unittest.cc
[wln@localhost samples]$ ./fun_unittest
Running main() from gtest_main.cc
[==========] Running 2 tests from 2 test cases.
[———-] Global test environment set-up.
[———-] 1 test from fun
[ RUN ] fun.fun_test
hello world
[ OK ] fun.fun_test (0 ms)
[———-] 1 test from fun (1 ms total)
[———-] 1 test from fun3
[ RUN ] fun3.add
fun_unittest.cc:12: Failure
Value of: add(1,2)
Actual: 3
Expected: 2
[ FAILED ] fun3.add (0 ms)
[———-] 1 test from fun3 (0 ms total)
[———-] Global test environment tear-down
[==========] 2 tests from 2 test cases ran. (1 ms total)
[ PASSED ] 1 test.
[ FAILED ] 1 test, listed below:
[ FAILED ] fun3.add
1 FAILED TEST
6. 利用Makefile
Makefile文件
# A sample Makefile for building Google Test and using it in user
# tests. Please tweak it to suit your environment and project. You
# may want to move it to your project's root directory.
#
# SYNOPSIS:
#
# make [all] - makes everything.
# make TARGET - makes the given target.
# make clean - removes all files generated by make.
# Please tweak the following variable definitions as needed by your
# project, except GTEST_HEADERS, which you can use in your own targets
# but shouldn't modify.
# Points to the root of Google Test, relative to where this file is.
# Remember to tweak this if you move this file.
GTEST_DIR = ..
# Where to find user code.
USER_DIR = ../samples
# Flags passed to the preprocessor.
# Set Google Test's header directory as a system directory, such that
# the compiler doesn't generate warnings in Google Test headers.
CPPFLAGS += -isystem $(GTEST_DIR)/include
# Flags passed to the C++ compiler.
CXXFLAGS += -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread
# All tests produced by this Makefile. Remember to add new tests you
# created to the list.
TESTS = fun_unittest
# All Google Test headers. Usually you shouldn't change this
# definition.
GTEST_HEADERS = $(GTEST_DIR)/include/gtest/*.h \
$(GTEST_DIR)/include/gtest/internal/*.h
# House-keeping build targets.
all : $(TESTS)
clean :
rm -f $(TESTS) gtest.a gtest_main.a *.o
# Builds gtest.a and gtest_main.a.
# Usually you shouldn't tweak such internal variables, indicated by a
# trailing _.
GTEST_SRCS_ = $(GTEST_DIR)/src/*.cc $(GTEST_DIR)/src/*.h $(GTEST_HEADERS)
# For simplicity and to avoid depending on Google Test's
# implementation details, the dependencies specified below are
# conservative and not optimized. This is fine as Google Test
# compiles fast and for ordinary users its source rarely changes.
gtest-all.o : $(GTEST_SRCS_)
$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) -I$(GTEST_DIR) $(CXXFLAGS) -c \
$(GTEST_DIR)/src/gtest-all.cc
gtest_main.o : $(GTEST_SRCS_)
$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) -I$(GTEST_DIR) $(CXXFLAGS) -c \
$(GTEST_DIR)/src/gtest_main.cc
gtest.a : gtest-all.o
$(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ $^
gtest_main.a : gtest-all.o gtest_main.o
$(AR) $(ARFLAGS) $@ $^
# Builds a sample test. A test should link with either gtest.a or
# gtest_main.a, depending on whether it defines its own main()
# function.
fun.o : $(USER_DIR)/fun.cc $(USER_DIR)/fun.h $(GTEST_HEADERS)
$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $(USER_DIR)/fun.cc
fun_unittest.o : $(USER_DIR)/fun_unittest.cc \
$(USER_DIR)/fun.h $(GTEST_HEADERS)
$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $(USER_DIR)/fun_unittest.cc
fun_unittest : fun.o fun_unittest.o gtest_main.a
$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -lpthread $^ -o $@执行测试
[wln@localhost make]$ make
g++ -isystem ../include -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -c ../samples/fun.cc
g++ -isystem ../include -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -c ../samples/fun_unittest.cc
../samples/fun_unittest.cc: In member function ‘virtual void fun_fun_test_Test::TestBody()’:
../samples/fun_unittest.cc:6: 警告：不建议使用从字符串常量到‘char*’的转换
g++ -isystem ../include -I.. -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -c \
../src/gtest-all.cc
In file included from ../src/gtest-all.cc:43:
../src/gtest.cc:370: 警告：成员‘testing::internal::MutexBase::owner_’缺少初始值设定
g++ -isystem ../include -I.. -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -c \
../src/gtest_main.cc
ar rv gtest_main.a gtest-all.o gtest_main.o
ar: creating gtest_main.a
a – gtest-all.o
a – gtest_main.o
g++ -isystem ../include -g -Wall -Wextra -pthread -lpthread fun.o fun_unittest.o gtest_main.a -o fun_unittest
[wln@localhost make]$ ./fun_unittest
Running main() from gtest_main.cc
[==========] Running 2 tests from 2 test cases.
[———-] Global test environment set-up.
[———-] 1 test from fun
[ RUN ] fun.fun_test
hello world
[ OK ] fun.fun_test (0 ms)
[———-] 1 test from fun (0 ms total)
[———-] 1 test from fun3
[ RUN ] fun3.add
../samples/fun_unittest.cc:12: Failure
Value of: add(1,2)
Actual: 3
Expected: 2
[ FAILED ] fun3.add (0 ms)
[———-] 1 test from fun3 (0 ms total)
[———-] Global test environment tear-down
[==========] 2 tests from 2 test cases ran. (0 ms total)
[ PASSED ] 1 test.
[ FAILED ] 1 test, listed below:
[ FAILED ] fun3.add
1 FAILED TEST
gtest测试框架的使用粗略的介绍完了，达到能用的目的，用好还需要多阅读相关内容。
参考：
1.http://www.cnblogs.com/coderzh/archive/2009/03/31/1426758.html
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