for是什么意思（in, for, during的区别何在？）
for是什么意思（in, for, during的区别何在？）
during与for
during既可以指事件所发生的整个时间段，也可以指整个时间段中的一段时间或一个时间点，而for指的是整个时间段；
during后接的是时间名词，而for后接的多是时间长度的量词；
during是表示动作所发生的时间，是回答when（什么时候）的提问，而for是指持续的时间长度，是回答how long（多长时间，多久）的提问。
during与in
during在指“在整个…期间，在某个时间段的某个时间点”的含义时，通常来说in可以替换during的，使用during更强调这个整个时间段；使用during也有事件发生的时间不精确的意味；
当during指一个事件或行动而不是指一段时间时，即与一些名词illness, holiday, meal, stay, treatment和visit等名词之前，而表示某件事在某个时期内持续了一段时间，用during，不用in。
during与while
during是介词，不可后接从句，而while是连词，可后接从句。
尽管结构有所不同，during与while可以同义或近义转换，比如：
During her stay in Paris, Sarah bought …可以转换为
While she stayed in Paris, Sarah bought…或
While (her) staying in Paris, Sarah bought…
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第六版第624页during词条
during表示发生的时间，for则回答how long的问题：
I stayed in London for a week. 不作I stayed in London during a week.
《朗文当代英语大辞典》第555页during词条
如果某人问你一个以when开头的问题，你可以用during来回答，但不能用for回答：
“When did he get those scars?”
“During the last war.”
“他那些疤是什么时候弄的？” “在上次战争期间。”
如果某人为一个以how long开头的问题，你可以用for来回答，但不能用during：
“How long did you stay in Mexico City?”
“For about three months.”
“你在墨西哥城停留了多长时间？” “大约有三个月。”
谈论在某一个时期内发生某事要用during：
Call me sometime during the vacation. 假期里什么时候给我打个电话吧。
Thieves broke in during the night. 盗贼在夜间闯了进来。
谈论某事持续多少时间要用for：
I was only out of the room for a few minutes. 我离开房间只有几分钟。
They were married for 20 years. 他们结婚有20年了。
during经常和表示持续一段时间的词连用：
during the program/the semester/the war/ a conversation
在节目中/这学期中/战争期间/谈话过程中
during还可以用于表示具体的某段时间：
during office hours/the day/last week/that year/the 80s
在办公时间/白天/上个星期/那一年/（20世纪）80年代
for多与计量时间长度的词组连用：
for two hours/a week/many years/a long period
两小时/一星期/许多年/很长一段时间
during从来不能引导从句，while可以：
While I was at home, I met a nice boy (不用During I was…, 但可以说During my time at home,…) 我在家时，遇上了一个很好的男孩。
I did the dishes while you were asleep（不用during you were asleep）.
你睡觉的时候我把碗碟洗了。
《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第583页during词条
during在…期间（持续地）
I worked in Littlewoods during the summer vacations last year.
去年暑假期间我在小林镇工作。
I take mild tranquillizers every night during the week.
整个星期我每天晚上都要服用温和的镇静剂。
during在…期间（逐渐地）
During my last I had lost fifteen pounds in weight. 在斋戒期间我的体重减轻了15磅。
Doth characters had to age during the course of the play.
在这出戏的展开过程中两个角色都得逐渐变老。
No credible generation of artists has emerged during the 1970s.
在20世纪70年代并没有出现一代令人信服的艺术家。
during在…期间的某一个时间
He had died during the night. 他在那天晚上去世了。
Disease broke out during the journey. 旅途中疾病爆发了。
She left Bengal during the late spring of 1740. 她在1740年的暮春离开了孟加拉。
《柯林斯高级英语用法词典》第264页during词条
during表示“在……期间；在……时候”。
She heated the place during the winter with a huge wood furnace.
在冬季，她用一只很大的烧柴的路子加热那个地方。
在类似的句子里，几乎总是可以用in来代替during，在意思上几乎没有什么差别。
用during时，通常是强调某事是持续或重复的。
也可以用during来表示一个动作发生的同时又发生了某件事。
Fred had worked a great deal with her at Oxford during the war.
在战争期间，弗雷德和她在牛津一起工作了很长时间。
在这样的句子里，有时可以用in，但是意思不一定相同。
What did you do during the war? 表示What did you do while the war was taking place? （打仗时，你干什么了？）但是，What did you do in the war? 表示What part did you play in the war? （你在战争中扮演了一个什么角色？）
during和in两个词都可以用来表示在某段时间内的某个时间发生的单独的一件事。
He had died during the night. 在那天夜里，他死了。
His father had died in the night. 他的父亲在那天夜里死了。
She left Bengal during the late spring of 1740. 在1740年暮春之际她离开了孟加拉。
Mr Tyrie left Hong Kong in June. 泰瑞埃先生在6月份离开了香港。
在类似的句子里，in用得更普遍些。
如果用during，一般是强调对事情发生的准确时间没有把握。
《牛津英语用法指南》（第三版）第242页during和for
during表示某事发生在什么时候；for表示这件事持续了多长时间。
My father was in hospital during the summer. 我父亲一个夏天都住在医院。
My father was in hospital for six weeks.
我父亲住了六个星期的医院。（不能说：…during six weeks）
It rained during the night for two or three hours. 夜里下了两三个小时的雨。
I’ll call and see you for a few minutes during the afternoon.
下午，我来拜访您，和您谈几分钟。
during和in
during和in都可以用来说明某事是在某一特定的时间段之内发生的。
We’ll be on holiday during/in August. 我们将在8月份休假。
I woke up during/in the night. 夜里我醒了。
强调所说的是整个一段时间时用during。
He had some strange experiences during his military service.
他在服役期间有过一段奇怪的经历。（不能说：…in his military service）
I’ll try to phone you during the meeting.
会议期间，我会想办法给你打电话的。（不能说：…in the meeting）
I me them during my stay in China. 我在中国逗留期间遇到了他们。
《英语词汇用法手册》(L. G. 亚历山大编著)第83页
We were away for a week. 我们离开了一周。（不能用during）
（正确用法for + 一段时间；可回答how long?）
It was very hot during/in the summer. 夏天天气很热。
He’s phoned six times during/in the last hour.
他在刚才一个小时之内大了六次电话来。
（during = 在所提到的时间之内，间断或不间断地）
I didn’t learn much during my teacher training course.
我从师范课程中没学到多少东西。（不能用in）
（当during指一个事件或行动而不是指一段时间时，不能用in来代替）
《剑桥中级英语语法》（第四版中文版）第238页
for与during比较
用for + 一段时间表示时间的持续：
for two hours for a week for ages
We watched TV for two hours last night.
Jess is going away for a week in September.
Where have you been? I’ve been waiting for ages.
Are you going away for the weekend?
用during + 名词表示事情发生的时间：
during the movie during our holiday during the night
I fell asleep during the movie.
We met some really nice people during our holiday.
The ground is wet. It must have rained during the night.
表示时间的词（例如the morning/the afternoon/the summer）常可与in或during连用：
It must have rained in the night. 或…during the night.
I’ll phone you sometime during the afternoon. 或…in the afternoon.
不能用during来表示时间的持续。
It rained for three days without stopping. （而不用during three days）
请比较during与for：
I fell asleep during the movie. I was asleep for half an hour.
during与while比较
during + 名词
I fell asleep during the movie. (名词)
We met a lot of interesting people during our holiday.
Robert suddenly began to feel ill during the exam.
while + 主语+ 动词
I fell asleep while I was watching TV. （主语+动词）
We met a lot of interesting people while we were on holiday.
Robert suddenly began to feel ill while he was doing the exam.
《剑桥高级英语语法》（第二版中文版）第186页
during或in表示某事或某活动发生在某段时间内，活动可能持续了整个时间段：
I stayed at home during the summer. （或…in the summer.）
The population of the city has actually fallen during the last decade. （或…in the last…）
或表示某事在某个时间发生了，或在某段时间内重复了多次：
We went to France during the summer. （或…in the summer）
He suffered a number of injuries during his career as a footballer. （或…in his career…）
表示某件事在某个时期内持续了一段时间，在illness, holiday, meal, stay, treatment和visit等名词之前用during，不用in。
The President made the speech during a visit to Madrid.
during也可以和the whole一起使用强调某件事在某个时期内持续了全部时间：
No-one was allowed to leave the ship during the whole of its time in port.
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