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一、如何实现同一路由器不同vlan之间的通信
1．单臂路由(图)
环境：一台路由器，一台二层交换机，两台pc机
二层交换机的配置
一般模式：
Switch>
输入enable进入特权模式：
Switch>enable
输入configure terminal进入全局配置模式：
Switch#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
创建vlan 10 和 vlan 20：
Switch(config)#vlan 10
Switch(config-vlan)#vlan 20
Switch(config-vlan)# exit
进入接口配置模式：
Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
把0/1变成trunk口（默认是access口）
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
Switch(config-if)#exit
进入接口配置模式分别把对应的接口，加入对应的vlan：
Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
Switch(config-if)#interface fastEthernet 2/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20
到此而层交换机配置完毕！
路由器的配置：
Router>
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#inter fas 0/0
Router(config-if)#no ip address
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
注意：单臂路由的配置父接口一定要no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#int fas 0/0.10
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0.10, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0.10, changed state to up
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 10
注意：在配置ip时一定要先封装802.1q协议
Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-subif)#no shutdown
Router(config-subif)#int fas 0/0.20
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0.20, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0.20, changed state to up
Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
% Configuring IP routing on a LAN subinterface is only allowed if that
subinterface is already configured as part of an IEEE 802.10, IEEE 802.1Q,
or ISL vLAN.
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 20
Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-subif)#no shutdown
Router(config-subif)#
查看路由表：
Router#show ip route
Codes: C – connected, S – static, I – IGRP, R – RIP, M – mobile, B – BGP
D – EIGRP, EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
N1 – OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 – OSPF external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2, E – EGP
i – IS-IS, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2, ia – IS-IS inter area
* – candidate default, U – per-user static route, o – ODR
P – periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0.10
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0.20
Router#
PC0的配置：
ip 192.168.10.10
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.10.1
PC1的配置：
ip 192.168.20.20
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.20.1
2.使用SVI实现VLAN间的通信（图）
环境：一台三层交换机，两台pc机
三层交换机的配置：
Switch>enable
Switch#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
创建vlan 10 20
Switch(config)#vlan 10
Switch(config-vlan)#vlan 20
Switch(config-vlan)#exit
配置SVI接口ip
Switch(config)#interface vlan 10
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan10, changed state to up
Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)#no shutdown
Switch(config-if)#interface vlan 20
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan20, changed state to up
Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)#no shutdown
Switch(config-if)#exit
改变接口模式并加入vlan
Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan10, changed state to up
Switch(config-if)#interface fastEthernet 0/2
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan20, changed state to up
Switch(config-if)#
看三层交换机的路由表：
Switch#show ip route
Codes: C – connected, S – static, I – IGRP, R – RIP, M – mobile, B – BGP
D – EIGRP, EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
N1 – OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 – OSPF external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2, E – EGP
i – IS-IS, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2, ia – IS-IS inter area
* – candidate default, U – per-user static route, o – ODR
P – periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan10
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan20
Switch#
两主机的配置与单臂路由中两主机的配置一样
3.跨交换机实现VLAN间的通信（图）
环境：一台三层交换机，两台二层交换机，两台pc机
三层交换机的配置(SW3)
Switch>enable
Switch#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
创建vlan 10 、 20 并设置ip
Switch(config)#vlan 10
Switch(config-vlan)#vlan 20
Switch(config-vlan)#exit
Switch(config)#interface vlan 10
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan10, changed state to up
Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)#no shutdown
Switch(config-if)#interface vlan 20
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan20, changed state to up
Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)#no shutdown
Switch(config-if)#exit
设置接口模式并加入相应的vlan（注意trunk口的设置）
Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Switch(config-if)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan10, changed state to up
Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/2
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Switch(config-if)#interface fastEthernet 0/2
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan20, changed state to up
Switch#
看路由表
Switch#show ip route
Codes: C – connected, S – static, I – IGRP, R – RIP, M – mobile, B – BGP
D – EIGRP, EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
N1 – OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 – OSPF external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2, E – EGP
i – IS-IS, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2, ia – IS-IS inter area
* – candidate default, U – per-user static route, o – ODR
P – periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan10
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan20
SW21的配置
Switch>enable
Switch#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#vlan 10
Switch(config-vlan)#exit
Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
Switch(config-if)#interface fastEthernet 1/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#
SW22的配置
Switch>
Switch>en
Switch#
Switch#configure ter
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#inter fas 1/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/1, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/1, changed state to up
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#inter fas 2/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet2/1, changed state to down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet2/1, changed state to up
Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#vlan 20
Switch(config-vlan)#inter fas 1/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20
Switch(config-if)#
注意：两交换机之间的链接是trunk链路
4.以上配置在模拟器上都可实现
在模拟器上配置其中pc图片
上述三种方式pc机的配置都一样
二、不同vlan之间如何通信
不同的vlan想要进行通信必须要用到三层设备才能实现vlan间的互访，比如路由器或三层交换机。
路由器就做vlan间路由，三层交换机中只需要在不同的vlan上配置了网关。
如果是二层交换机，可以另外借助一台路由器，做单臂路由；如果是三层交换机，直接开启三层交换功能，思科的话需要全局配置模式下手动开iprouting，华为或者其他思科风格的交换机应该默认开启的。
\x0d\x0a更多关于不同vlan之间如何通信，进入：https://www.abcgonglue.com/ask/17dbc61615823496.html?zd查看更多内容
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