谷歌最新语义图像分割模型 DeepLab-v3+ 现已开源 https://www.oschina.net/news/94257/google-open-sources-pixel-2-portrait-code

https://blog.csdn.net/zizi7/article/details/77163969

针对《图像语义分割(1)- FCN》介绍的FCN算法,以官方的代码为基础,在 SIFT-Flow 数据集上做训练和测试。

介绍了如何制作自己的训练数据


数据准备

参考文章《FCN网络的训练——以SIFT-Flow 数据集为例》

1) 首先 clone 官方工程

git clone https://github.com/shelhamer/fcn.berkeleyvision.org.git

1

工程是基于 CAFFE 的,所以也需要提前安装好

2)下载数据集及模型 
– 到这里下载 SIFT-Flow 数据集,解压缩到 fcn/data/sift-flow/ 下 
– 到这里下载 VGG-16 预训练模型,移动到 fcn/ilsvrc-nets/ 下 
– 参考文章《 FCN模型训练中遇到的困难》,到这里下载 VGG_ILSVRC_16_layers_deploy.prototxt 
 或者直接 copy 以下内容:

name: "VGG_ILSVRC_16_layers"
input: "data"
input_dim: 10
input_dim: 3
input_dim: 224
input_dim: 224
layers {
  bottom: "data"
  top: "conv1_1"
  name: "conv1_1"
  type: CONVOLUTION
  convolution_param {
    num_output: 64
    pad: 1
    kernel_size: 3
  }
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv1_1"
  top: "conv1_1"
  name: "relu1_1"
  type: RELU
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv1_1"
  top: "conv1_2"
  name: "conv1_2"
  type: CONVOLUTION
  convolution_param {
    num_output: 64
    pad: 1
    kernel_size: 3
  }
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv1_2"
  top: "conv1_2"
  name: "relu1_2"
  type: RELU
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv1_2"
  top: "pool1"
  name: "pool1"
  type: POOLING
  pooling_param {
    pool: MAX
    kernel_size: 2
    stride: 2
  }
}
layers {
  bottom: "pool1"
  top: "conv2_1"
  name: "conv2_1"
  type: CONVOLUTION
  convolution_param {
    num_output: 128
    pad: 1
    kernel_size: 3
  }
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv2_1"
  top: "conv2_1"
  name: "relu2_1"
  type: RELU
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv2_1"
  top: "conv2_2"
  name: "conv2_2"
  type: CONVOLUTION
  convolution_param {
    num_output: 128
    pad: 1
    kernel_size: 3
  }
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv2_2"
  top: "conv2_2"
  name: "relu2_2"
  type: RELU
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv2_2"
  top: "pool2"
  name: "pool2"
  type: POOLING
  pooling_param {
    pool: MAX
    kernel_size: 2
    stride: 2
  }
}
layers {
  bottom: "pool2"
  top: "conv3_1"
  name: "conv3_1"
  type: CONVOLUTION
  convolution_param {
    num_output: 256
    pad: 1
    kernel_size: 3
  }
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv3_1"
  top: "conv3_1"
  name: "relu3_1"
  type: RELU
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv3_1"
  top: "conv3_2"
  name: "conv3_2"
  type: CONVOLUTION
  convolution_param {
    num_output: 256
    pad: 1
    kernel_size: 3
  }
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv3_2"
  top: "conv3_2"
  name: "relu3_2"
  type: RELU
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv3_2"
  top: "conv3_3"
  name: "conv3_3"
  type: CONVOLUTION
  convolution_param {
    num_output: 256
    pad: 1
    kernel_size: 3
  }
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv3_3"
  top: "conv3_3"
  name: "relu3_3"
  type: RELU
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv3_3"
  top: "pool3"
  name: "pool3"
  type: POOLING
  pooling_param {
    pool: MAX
    kernel_size: 2
    stride: 2
  }
}
layers {
  bottom: "pool3"
  top: "conv4_1"
  name: "conv4_1"
  type: CONVOLUTION
  convolution_param {
    num_output: 512
    pad: 1
    kernel_size: 3
  }
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv4_1"
  top: "conv4_1"
  name: "relu4_1"
  type: RELU
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv4_1"
  top: "conv4_2"
  name: "conv4_2"
  type: CONVOLUTION
  convolution_param {
    num_output: 512
    pad: 1
    kernel_size: 3
  }
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv4_2"
  top: "conv4_2"
  name: "relu4_2"
  type: RELU
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv4_2"
  top: "conv4_3"
  name: "conv4_3"
  type: CONVOLUTION
  convolution_param {
    num_output: 512
    pad: 1
    kernel_size: 3
  }
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv4_3"
  top: "conv4_3"
  name: "relu4_3"
  type: RELU
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv4_3"
  top: "pool4"
  name: "pool4"
  type: POOLING
  pooling_param {
    pool: MAX
    kernel_size: 2
    stride: 2
  }
}
layers {
  bottom: "pool4"
  top: "conv5_1"
  name: "conv5_1"
  type: CONVOLUTION
  convolution_param {
    num_output: 512
    pad: 1
    kernel_size: 3
  }
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv5_1"
  top: "conv5_1"
  name: "relu5_1"
  type: RELU
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv5_1"
  top: "conv5_2"
  name: "conv5_2"
  type: CONVOLUTION
  convolution_param {
    num_output: 512
    pad: 1
    kernel_size: 3
  }
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv5_2"
  top: "conv5_2"
  name: "relu5_2"
  type: RELU
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv5_2"
  top: "conv5_3"
  name: "conv5_3"
  type: CONVOLUTION
  convolution_param {
    num_output: 512
    pad: 1
    kernel_size: 3
  }
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv5_3"
  top: "conv5_3"
  name: "relu5_3"
  type: RELU
}
layers {
  bottom: "conv5_3"
  top: "pool5"
  name: "pool5"
  type: POOLING
  pooling_param {
    pool: MAX
    kernel_size: 2
    stride: 2
  }
}
layers {
  bottom: "pool5"
  top: "fc6"
  name: "fc6"
  type: INNER_PRODUCT
  inner_product_param {
    num_output: 4096
  }
}
layers {
  bottom: "fc6"
  top: "fc6"
  name: "relu6"
  type: RELU
}
layers {
  bottom: "fc6"
  top: "fc6"
  name: "drop6"
  type: DROPOUT
  dropout_param {
    dropout_ratio: 0.5
  }
}
layers {
  bottom: "fc6"
  top: "fc7"
  name: "fc7"
  type: INNER_PRODUCT
  inner_product_param {
    num_output: 4096
  }
}
layers {
  bottom: "fc7"
  top: "fc7"
  name: "relu7"
  type: RELU
}
layers {
  bottom: "fc7"
  top: "fc7"
  name: "drop7"
  type: DROPOUT
  dropout_param {
    dropout_ratio: 0.5
  }
}
layers {
  bottom: "fc7"
  top: "fc8"
  name: "fc8"
  type: INNER_PRODUCT
  inner_product_param {
    num_output: 1000
  }
}
layers {
  bottom: "fc8"
  top: "prob"
  name: "prob"
  type: SOFTMAX
}

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训练脚本修改

1)生成 test、trainval、deploy

a. 执行 fcn/siftflow-fcn32s/net.py 生成 test.prototxt 和 trainval.prototxt 
b. cp test.prototxt 为 deploy.protxt

将第一个 data 层换成

layer {
  name: "input"
  type: "Input"
  top: "data"
  input_param {
    # These dimensions are purely for sake of example;
    # see infer.py for how to reshape the net to the given input size.
    shape { dim: 1 dim: 3 dim: 256 dim: 256 }
  }
}

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删除网络后面包含 loss 的层(一共2个)

2)修改 fcn/siftflow-fcn32s/solve.py

import caffe
import surgery, score

import numpy as np
import os
import sys

try:
    import setproctitle
    setproctitle.setproctitle(os.path.basename(os.getcwd()))
except:
    pass

vgg_weights = '../ilsvrc-nets/vgg16-fcn.caffemodel'
vgg_proto = '../ilsvrc-nets/VGG_ILSVRC_16_layers_deploy.prototxt'

# init
caffe.set_device(0)
caffe.set_mode_gpu()

solver = caffe.SGDSolver('solver.prototxt')
#solver.net.copy_from(weights)
vgg_net = caffe.Net(vgg_proto, vgg_weights, caffe.TRAIN)
surgery.transplant(solver.net, vgg_net)
del vgg_net

# surgeries
interp_layers = [k for k in solver.net.params.keys() if 'up' in k]
surgery.interp(solver.net, interp_layers)

# scoring
test = np.loadtxt('../data/sift-flow/test.txt', dtype=str)

for _ in range(50):
    solver.step(2000)
    # N.B. metrics on the semantic labels are off b.c. of missing classes;
    # score manually from the histogram instead for proper evaluation
    score.seg_tests(solver, False, test, layer='score_sem', gt='sem')
    score.seg_tests(solver, False, test, layer='score_geo', gt='geo')

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3)修改 fcn/siftflow-fcn32s/solve.prototxt 
添加快照设置:

snapshot:4000
snapshot_prefix:"snapshot/train"

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训练及测试

1) 复制 fcn/ 下的 infer.py、score.py、siftflow_layers.py、surgery.py 到 fcn/siftflow-fcn32s 下

2)python train.py 开始训练

3)修改 infer.py 的模型路径及测试图片路径

          图像语义分割代码实现(1)-冯金伟博客园 
                       图1. 迭代72000次的分割结果

4)之后可以以 fcn32s 的训练结果为基础,训练 fcn16s 和 fcn8s 
 需要注意的是,对于 fcn16s 和 fcn8s,由于不需要重新构造网络层,因此 solve.py 不需要改

import caffe
import surgery, score

import numpy as np
import os
import sys

try:
    import setproctitle
    setproctitle.setproctitle(os.path.basename(os.getcwd()))
except:
    pass

weights = '../siftflow-fcn32s/snapshot/train_iter_100000.caffemodel'

# init
caffe.set_device(0)
caffe.set_mode_gpu()

solver = caffe.SGDSolver('solver.prototxt')
solver.net.copy_from(weights)

# surgeries
interp_layers = [k for k in solver.net.params.keys() if 'up' in k]
surgery.interp(solver.net, interp_layers)

# scoring
test = np.loadtxt('../data/sift-flow/test.txt', dtype=str)

for _ in range(50):
    solver.step(2000)
    # N.B. metrics on the semantic labels are off b.c. of missing classes;
    # score manually from the histogram instead for proper evaluation
    score.seg_tests(solver, False, test, layer='score_sem', gt='sem')
    score.seg_tests(solver, False, test, layer='score_geo', gt='geo')

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如何制作自己的训练数据

相比 detect(使用LabelImg框选目标),segment的数据需要耗费很大精力去准备

参考这篇帖子,MIT提供了一个在线标注多边形的工具LabelMe,但一般在工程上,为了尽量精确,更多还是使用 photoshop 的“快速选择”工具

1)首先用 ps 打开待标记图像,“图像->模式->灰度”,将图像转为灰度图 
2)使用“快速选择”工具,选出目标区域,“右键->填充->颜色”,假设该区域的 label 为 9 ,那么设置 RGB 为 (9,9,9)

           图像语义分割代码实现(1)-冯金伟博客园 
                           图2. 选择区域并填充

3)所有类别填充完成后,“文件->存储为”label 图像

注意:以上方法针对 SegNet 里的 CamVid 数据格式(图3)

                       图像语义分割代码实现(1)-冯金伟博客园
                         图3. CamVid 数据格式

如图3所示,train和test里为RGB图像,trainannot和testannot里为标记过的label图像(灰度) 
      一组训练(图3右)数据包含两张图像