前言

在商品秒杀活动中,比如商品库存只有100,但是在抢购活动中可能有200人同时抢购,这样就出现了并发,在100件商品下单完成库存为0了还有可能继续下单成功,就出现了超卖。

为了解决这个问题,今天我主要讲一下用redis队列的方式处理。redis有list类型,list类型其实就是一个双向链表。通过lpush,pop操作从链表的头部或者尾部添加删除元素。这使得list即可以用作栈,也可以用作队列。先进先出,一端进,一端出,这就是队列。在队列里前一个走完之后,后一个才会走,所以redis的队列能完美的解决超卖并发的问题。

解决秒杀超卖问题的方法还有比如:1.使用mysql的事务加排他锁来解决;2.使用文件锁实现。3.使用redis的setnx来实现锁机制等。

实现原理

将商品库存循环lpush到num里,然后在下单的时候通过rpop每次取出1件商品,当num的值为0时,停止下单。

第1步创建表

一共有三张表,分别是:订单表、商品表、日志表。

1.订单表

CREATE TABLE `ims_order` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `order_sn` char(32) NOT NULL,
  `user_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `status` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `goods_id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `sku_id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `number` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `price` int(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '价格:单位为分',
  `create_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='订单表';

2.商品表

CREATE TABLE `ims_hotmallstore_goods`  (
  `id` int(11) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '商品名称',
  `money` decimal(10, 2) NOT NULL COMMENT '售价',
  `sales` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '销量',
  `num` int(11) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 3 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Compact;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of ims_hotmallstore_goods
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `ims_hotmallstore_goods` VALUES (1, '商品1', 1000.00, 10, 10);

第2步代码

<?php
header("Content-type:text/html;charset=utf-8");
class MyPDO {
    protected static $_instance = null;
    protected $dbName = '';
    protected $dsn;
    protected $dbh;
    /**
  * 构造
  *
  * @return MyPDO
  */
    private function __construct($dbHost, $dbUser, $dbPasswd, $dbName, $dbCharset) {
        try {
            $this->dsn = 'mysql:host='.$dbHost.';dbname='.$dbName;
            $this->dbh = new PDO($this->dsn, $dbUser, $dbPasswd);
            $this->dbh->exec('SET character_set_connection='.$dbCharset.', character_set_results='.$dbCharset.', character_set_client=binary');
        }
        catch (PDOException $e) {
            exit($e->getMessage());
        }
    }
    /**
  * 防止克隆
  *
  */
    private function __clone() {
    }
    /**
  * Singleton instance
  *
  * @return Object
  */
    public static function getInstance($dbHost, $dbUser, $dbPasswd, $dbName, $dbCharset) {
        if (self::$_instance === null) {
            self::$_instance = new self($dbHost, $dbUser, $dbPasswd, $dbName, $dbCharset);
        }
        return self::$_instance;
    }
    /**
  * Query 查询
  */
    public function query($strSql, $queryMode = 'All', $debug = false) {
        if ($debug === true) $this->debug($strSql);
        $recordset = $this->dbh->query($strSql);
        if ($recordset) {
            $recordset->setFetchMode(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
            if ($queryMode == 'All') {
                $result = $recordset->fetchAll();
            } elseif ($queryMode == 'Row') {
                $result = $recordset->fetch();
            }
        } else {
            $result = null;
        }
        return $result;
    }
    /**
  * Insert 插入
  */
    public function insert($table, $arrayDataValue, $debug = false) {
        $strSql = "INSERT INTO `$table` (`".implode('`,`', array_keys($arrayDataValue))."`) VALUES ('".implode("','", $arrayDataValue)."')";
        if ($debug === true) $this->debug($strSql);
        $result = $this->dbh->exec($strSql);
        return $result;
    }
    /**
  * 执行语句
  */
    public function execSql($strSql, $debug = false) {
        if ($debug === true) $this->debug($strSql);
        $result = $this->dbh->exec($strSql);
        return $result;
    }
    /**
  * debug
  *
  * @param mixed $debuginfo
  */
    private function debug($debuginfo) {
        var_dump($debuginfo);
        exit();
    }
}
class Test {
    private static $instance = null;
    // 用单列模式 实例化Redis
    public static function Redis() {
        if (self::$instance == null) {
            $redis=new Redis();
            $redis->connect('127.0.0.1',6379);
            self::$instance = $redis;
        }
        return self::$instance;
    }
    public function getOne($sql) {
        $db = MyPDO::getInstance('localhost', 'root', '168168', 'test', 'utf8');
        $data = $db->query($sql)[0];
        return $data;
    }
    public function exec($sql) {
        $db = MyPDO::getInstance('localhost', 'root', '168168', 'test', 'utf8');
        return $db->execSql($sql);
    }
    public function insert($table,$data) {
        $db = MyPDO::getInstance('localhost', 'root', '168168', 'test', 'utf8');
        return $db->insert($table,$data);
    }
    // 将商品库存循环到lpush的num里
    public function doPageSaveNum() {
        $redis=self::Redis();
        $goods_id=1;
        $sql="select id, num,money from ims_hotmallstore_goods where id=".$goods_id;
        $goods = $this->getOne($sql);
        //print_r($goods);die;
        if(!empty($goods['num'])) {
            for ($i=1; $i<=$goods['num']; $i++) {
                $redis->lpush('num',$i);
            }
            die('成功!库存数:'.$goods['num']);
        } else {
            die('数据库已无库存');
        }
    }
    // 抢购下单
    public function doPageGoodsStore() {
        $redis=self::Redis();
        $goods_id=1;
        $user_id = mt_rand(1,100);
        if ($redis->sismember('user_list_'.$goods_id,$user_id)) {
            echo '已下单';
            return false;
            ;
        }
        $count=$redis->rpop('num');
        //每次从num取出1,防止超卖
        if($count==0) {
            $this->echoMsg(0,'已无库存');
        }
        //加入已购买用户集合,防止重复购买
        $redis->sAdd('user_list_'.$goods_id,$user_id);
        $sql="select id, num, money from ims_hotmallstore_goods where id=".$goods_id;
        $goods = $this->getOne($sql);
        $this->doPageGoodsOrder($user_id,$goods,1);
    }
    public function orderNo() {
        return date('ymd').substr(implode(NULL, array_map('ord', str_split(substr(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
    }
    // 下单更新库存
    public function doPageGoodsOrder($user_id,$goods,$goods_number) {
        $orderNo=$this->orderNo();
        $number=$goods['num']-$goods_number;
        if($number<0) {
            $this->echoMsg(0,'已没有库存');
        }
        //mysql判断已购买用户  (自行处理)
        //...
        $order['user_id']=$user_id;
        $order['goods_id']=$goods['id'];
        $order['number']=$goods_number;
        $order['price']=$goods['money'];
        $order['status']=1;
        $order['sku_id']=2;
        $order['order_sn']=$orderNo;
        $order['create_time']=date('Y-m-d H:i:s');
        $this->insert('ims_order',$order);
        $sql="update ims_hotmallstore_goods set num=num-".$goods_number." where num>0 and id=".$goods['id'];
        $res=$this->exec($sql);
        // echo $sql;die;
        if(!empty($res)) {
            echo "库存扣减成功,库存剩下:$number".PHP_EOL;
            return false;
        } else {
            $redis=self::Redis();
            $redis->lpush('num',$goods_number);
            //扣库存失败,把库存加回
            $redis->SREM('user_list_'.$goods_id,$user_id);
            //已购买用户集合移除
            $this->echoMsg(0,'库存扣减失败');
        }
    }
    // 保存日志
    public function echoMsg($status,$msg,$exit = true) {
        if($exit == true) {
            die($msg);
        } else {
            echo $msg;
        }
    }
}
if(!isset($_GET['i'])) {
    exit('缺失参数i');
}
// 调用--将商品库存循环到lpush的num里
if($_GET['i']==1) {
    $model = new Test;
    $model->doPageSaveNum();
}
// 调用--高并发抢购下单
if($_GET['i']==2) {
    $model = new Test;
    $model->doPageGoodsStore();
}
if($_GET['i']==3) {
    $model = new Test;
    for ($i=1; $i<=100; $i++) {
        $model->doPageGoodsStore();
    }
}
//http://127.0.0.1/qianggou/test.php?i=1
// ab -n 2000 -c 500  http://127.0.0.1/qianggou/test.php?i=2
// (-n发出2000个请求,-c模拟500并发,请求数要大于或等于并发数。相当2000人同时访问,后面是测试url )

第3步并发测试

1.先手动执行: http://127.0.0.1/web/index.php?i=1 ,将商品库存循环保存到lpush的num里。

2.这里我用Apache的ab测试,安装方法本文最后做补充。打开终端,然后执行: ab -n 1000 -c 200 http://127.0.0.1/web/index.php?i=2
(-n发出1000个请求,-c模拟200并发,请求数要大于或等于并发数。相当1000人同时访问,后面是测试url )

3.查看数据是否超发